Psilocybe coprophila(Bull.: Fr.) Kumm., Führ. Pilzk.: 71. 1871. -- Mestkaalkopje

beknopte beschrijving:

Hoed 5-20 mm, hygrofaan, rood- tot geelbruin, doorschijnend gestreept, kleverig, kaal. Plaatjes donker roodbruin bij rijpheid. Steel 5-20 x 0.2-2 mm, donker roodbruin, fijn gestreept vezelig tot vlokkig, vooral in onderste deel.
Sporen 10-14 x 6-9 x 5.5-8.5 µm afgeplat, zeshoekig in vooraanzicht met dikke wand en grote kiempore.

In groepjes op mest van herbivoren.

Het mestkaalkopje onderscheidt zich van de andere mestbewonende soorten door de gladde hoed zonder velumresten, het ontbreken van een ring en de hoekige sporen. Het Grootsporig mestkaalkopje heeft, zoals de naam al aangeeft, veel grotere sporen.

Uitvoerige Engelse beschrijving:

macroscopy:

Pileus 2-25 mm, hemispherical to convex with involute then deflexed, sometimes slightly crenate margin, slightly expanding with age, hygrophanous, when moist dark reddish brown to dark yellow-brown (Mu. 5 YR 3/4, 10 YR 5/6 when young, then 7.5 YR 4/4), translucently striate at margin to half the radius, viscid, pallescent on drying to yellow-brown (7.5 YR 5-6/6, 10 YR 7/4-6), with minute whitish velar patches on surface and adhering to margin, glabrescent. Lamellae, L = 6-15, l = 1-3, distant, adnate, sometimes slightly emarginate with small decurrent tooth, segmentiform to subventricose, 2.5-5 mm broad, pale brown then reddish or dark purplish brown (10 YR 3/2) with whitish, fimbriate edge. Stipe 6-40 x 0.2-2(-3) mm, cylindrical, sometimes broadened towards base, brown, paler than pileus, dark brown at base, pruinose at apex, innately whitish fibrillose, subtomentose or subsquamulose below. Context grey-brown to reddish brown in pileus, yellow-brown in stipe, pallescent on drying. Smell and taste indistinct or slightly farinaceous. Spore print very dark red-brown, almost black (10 YR 2.5/1).

microscopy:

Spores 10.0-14.0 x 6.0-9.0 x 5.5-8.5 µm, Q = 1.2-1.7, Qav = 1.4-1.5, hexagonal in frontal view, Q = 1.6-1.8, Qav = 1.7, ellipsoid to oblong in side-view, with rather thick, brown walls, with large germ pore. Basidia 17-29 x 5.0-9.0 µm, 4-spored. Lamella edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 20-40 x 4.0-8.0 µm, lageniform with 2.0-5.0 µm wide neck. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a thin ixocutis of narrow, cylindrical, 2.0-5.0 µm wide hyphae. Pigment membranal and minutely incrusting in subpellis and upper pileitrama. Stipitipellis a cutis with transitions to an irregular trichoderm, made up of loosely arranged, cylindrical, 3.0-9.0 µm wide hyphae. Caulocystidia 11-32 x 3.0-7.5 µm, subcylindrical to irregularly clavate, in groups at apex of stipe. Clamp-connections abundant.

ecology:

Saprotrophic, gregarious on dung of herbivores (cow, horse, sheep, rabbit, hare, etc.) in grasslands and open grazed woodland.

distribution:

common. May-Nov. Cosmopolitan.

comment: